The subclass 866 protection visa gives permanent residence from the day it is granted, with full work and study rights, Medicare, government support and a pathway to citizenship.

There are two ways to qualify and they are separate legal tests: the refugee criterion in section 36(2)(a), and complementary protection in section 36(2)(aa).
Both should be argued, not one. It is not granted because a country is dangerous. It is granted because you personally face harm, and proving that to a delegate is where every application is decided.
Woman leading a meeting in an office, protection visa lawyers Australia
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The Pathways

Australian Protection Visa Pathways and Situations

Short answer

There is one onshore protection visa, the subclass 866, and two separate legal tests inside it. Alongside those sit the stages and grounds that decide most applications: the interview, the specific basis a claim is built on, and what happens if the Department refuses it.

Protection Visa
(Subclass 866)

The onshore permanent protection visa. For people already in Australia who cannot return home because they face persecution or a real risk of significant harm.

Complementary
Protection

The second pathway, under section 36(2)(aa). For people who do not meet the refugee definition but face a real risk of significant harm on return. No Convention reason needed.

The Protection Visa
Interview

The most decisive stage of the whole application. What the delegate asks, how the interpreter works, and how to prepare for questions you have never been asked before.

LGBTI Protection
Visas

Claims based on sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex status. You cannot be expected to conceal who you are to stay safe. The fight is over proving it.

Religious
Persecution

Converts, minorities and apostasy claims. Religion is a named Convention ground, so the law is not the difficulty. Proving that your belief is genuine is.

Protection Visa
Refusal

Refused? You have 28 days to apply to the Tribunal, or 14 in detention. There is no upfront fee. Section 48A generally bars a second application, so review is usually the only option.
Not sure whether you have a claim at all? That is the question a first conversation answers.
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The Two Tests

The Two Ways to Qualify for a Protection Visa

Short answer

The refugee criterion requires persecution for one of five Convention reasons. Complementary protection requires a real risk of significant harm and no reason at all. Many applications that fail the first succeed on the second, which is why both should be argued rather than one.
Man working late at a desk, protection visa lawyers Australia

The refugee criterion compared with complementary protection

 
Refugee criterion, s 36(2)(a)
Complementary protection, s 36(2)(aa)
What you must fear
Persecution
Significant harm
Reason for the harm
Race, religion, nationality, political opinion or particular social group
No Convention reason required
The standard
A well founded fear
Substantial grounds for believing there is a real risk
What counts as harm
Serious harm and systematic discriminatory conduct
Five categories, exhaustively defined in s 36(2A)
Safe relocation within your country
Defeats the claim if reasonable
Defeats the claim if reasonable
Risk faced by the population generally
Not sufficient on its own
Expressly excluded
Visa granted if it succeeds
Subclass 866, permanent
Subclass 866, permanent
Read the full page
Both criteria sit in section 36 of the Migration Act 1958. A delegate decides the refugee criterion first and reaches complementary protection only if it fails, so a claim that is not pleaded is a claim that is not considered.
Both tests, argued in the alternative. An application pleading only one has given away half its case.
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PARTNER VISA VIDEO

Protection Visa Subclass 866 Explained

Protection Visa Subclass 866 in Australia, explained from start to finish by My Migration Lawyers. This complete 2026 guide walks you through the entire Protection Visa Subclass 866 process: who qualifies, how Australia's protection obligations work, how to lodge Form 866, the bridging visa, your protection claims, your evidence, and the Department interview that catches so many applicants off guard.

The three things that decide a Protection Visa 866, your claims, your evidence and your interview, all have to work together from day one. Our Protection Visa Lawyers prepare the application, draft the legal submission, run interview preparation, and attend the interview with you.
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Speak To Our Lawyers

Not Sure Whether You Have a Claim

Tell us where you are, whether you are married or de facto, and who your partner is. One of our migration lawyers will tell you which pathway applies and what it involves.

Protection visas, complementary protection, LGBTI and religious claims, interviews, refusals and Tribunal review.

I came to this firm for help with my protection visa because I was very confused about the process. They listened to my situation carefully and explained what information and documents would be important. I feel much more comfortable having professional help with everything.

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Mariam K

Connect with our friendly team

1300 040 300
Or fill in the form & we'll call you
Thank you! Your submission has been received!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
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Cost

How Much Does a Protection Visa Cost

Short answer

The Department application charge is AUD $50. One charge covers everyone included in the same application, including a partner and children, with no additional amount per person. It is one of the lowest charges of any Australian visa and it is not refunded if the application is refused.

Department charge

$

50

One charge covers the whole family unit included in the application.

Additional applicants

Nil

No extra charge for a partner or children in the same application.

Visa granted

Permanent

Permanent residence from the day of grant. There is no second stage.
Passport, visa application and globe on a desk, protection visa application charge
The low charge is deliberate. It exists so that cost is not a barrier to claiming protection. It does not mean the application is simple, and it is the one part of a protection matter that is inexpensive. Budget separately for health examinations and for accredited translation, which is often the largest real cost.

Clients pay the Department charge directly through their own ImmiAccount. Professional fees are quoted in writing before you engage us. There is also no upfront fee to lodge a review at the Tribunal if a protection application is refused.

Get a written quote before you commit to anything. Nothing is lodged without your instructions.
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Evidence

What Evidence Does a Protection Visa Need

Short answer

Four things carry a protection application: your own written statement of claims, evidence of who you are, evidence of what happened to you, and country information showing the risk is real. The statement is the centre of it. Most refusals are credibility findings, and credibility is built or lost in the statement.
Man reviewing documents at a table, writing a protection visa statement of claims

Your Statement of Claims

A chronological account in your own words. Dates, places, names and what you fear on return. Specifics carry weight, generalities do not.

Evidence of Identity

Passport, national documents, birth certificate. Where documents were lost or cannot safely be obtained, explain that rather than leaving a gap.

Evidence of What Happened

Police and court documents, medical reports, photographs, messages, membership records, and statements from people who know your situation.

Country
Information

Independent reporting showing that what you fear happens to people in your position, and that the state cannot or will not protect you.
Have your statement and evidence assessed before the application is lodged, not after the interview.
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Who We Act For

Where Our Protection Clients Come From

Short answer

We act for people from every region. Claims commonly arise from these countries, but nationality does not establish a claim and it never has. Every protection application is assessed on what happened to that person and what they personally face on return.

Most of the people we act for arrived in Australia lawfully on a student, visitor, working holiday or skilled visa. For many, the reason they cannot return either developed after they arrived, or was something they had never told anyone before the first consultation.
Flag of Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Flag of Cambodia
Cambodia
Flag of China
China
Flag of Colombia
Colombia
Flag of Egypt
Egypt
Flag of Fiji
Fiji
Flag of India
India
Flag of Indonesia
Indonesia
Flag of Iran
Iran
Flag of Lebanon
Lebanon
Flag of Malaysia
Malaysia
Flag of Myanmar
Myanmar
Flag of Nepal
Nepal
Flag of Pakistan
Pakistan
Flag of Russia
Russia
Flag of Singapore
Singapore
Flag of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Flag of Vietnam
Vietnam
Not listed? It makes no difference. Nationality is not a criterion, and there is no country list that qualifies or disqualifies a claim.
Wherever you are from, the question is what happened to you and what you face on return.
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The Process

How the Protection Visa Process Works

Short answer

One application, one charge, one decision, and generally one chance. Section 48A bars a second protection application once one has been refused, so the first application is effectively the only one you get. That is why preparation before lodgement matters more here than on any other visa.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Get Advice Before You Lodge

Section 48A generally bars a second protection application after a refusal. Advice at this point is worth more than advice at any later stage.

02

Lodge While Your Visa Is Still Valid

This determines which bridging visa you get and whether you keep work rights. It is the most consequential timing decision in the process. Lodging after a visa has expired leaves you unlawful and the bridging visa position is considerably worse.

03

Build the Statement and the Evidence

Your account, identity documents, corroborating material, and country information. Complete at lodgement rather than intended for later.

04

Bridging Visa and the Wait

You generally hold a bridging visa throughout. There is no published processing time and matters commonly take a long period.

05

The Interview

A delegate questions you in detail, usually with an interpreter. This is where most protection applications are decided. Preparation begins the day you lodge, not the week the invitation arrives.

06

The Decision

Granted, or refused with reasons. A grant is permanent residence from that day, with work rights, Medicare and a pathway to citizenship.

07

If Refused, Review Within the Period

28 days in the community, 14 in detention. No upfront fee. The Tribunal decides the claim afresh and holds its own hearing.

You generally get one application. Have it assessed before it is lodged.
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Speak To Our Lawyers

Get Clear Answers Before You Lodge

Send us the details of your situation. One of our migration lawyers will work through your account, identify who can give evidence, and frame the claim around what actually persuades.

The application charge is not refunded if the application is refused, so it is worth getting the assessment right before you pay it.

I came to this firm for help with my protection visa because I was very confused about the process. They listened to my situation carefully and explained what information and documents would be important. I feel much more comfortable having professional help with everything.

MML

Mariam K

Connect with our friendly team

1300 040 300
Or fill in the form & we'll call you
Thank you! Your submission has been received!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
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Special Circumstances

Why Are Protection Visa Applications Refused

Short answer

Most refusals turn on credibility rather than law. The delegate accepts the country is dangerous but is not satisfied that this applicant personally faces the harm claimed. Inconsistency between the statement, the interview and the documents is the usual cause, followed by unresolved identity.

Lodging After Your Visa Expired

Timing determines which bridging visa you get and whether work rights continue.

A Statement Too General to Be Tested

No dates, places or names. A delegate cannot verify what is not specific.

Inconsistency Between Statement and Interview

The single largest cause of an adverse credibility finding.

Identity Not Established

Unresolved identity delays and defeats applications regardless of the claim.

Relying on the Country Being Dangerous

A risk faced by the population generally does not meet the test.

Not Arguing Complementary Protection

A claim that is not pleaded is a claim that is not considered.

Untranslated or Badly Translated Documents

Poor translation manufactures inconsistencies that read as lying.

Arriving at the Interview Unprepared

This is where most protection applications are decided, and preparation takes more than a few days.
Every one of these is avoidable before lodgement. After a refusal, section 48A means there is usually no second attempt.
Lawyers discussing papers with a client, protection visa lawyers Australia
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How We Help

How My Migration Lawyers Assists With a Protection Visa

Short Answer
‍
We run the matter end to end. Assessing whether a claim is viable, advising on when to lodge, drafting the statement of claims, gathering evidence and country information, preparing you for the interview and attending it with you, and running the review if the application is refused.
1

Assessing Whether You Have a Claim

Before anything is lodged we tell you honestly whether your circumstances engage the refugee criterion, complementary protection, or neither. A refused protection application closes the door under section 48A, so this assessment is the most valuable hour in the whole matter.
2

Timing Advice on When to Lodge

Lodging while you still hold a substantive visa determines which bridging visa you get and whether you keep work rights. This single decision changes more than almost any other and it is the most common thing people get wrong.
3

Drafting the Statement of Claims

The document the whole application turns on. We work through your history in detail, in your own words, chronologically, and identify the parts a delegate will test before they test them.
4

Interpreters and Language

We arrange interpreting in your language and dialect for our own conferences, and we notify the Department of your dialect before the interview. A great many credibility findings originate in interpreting problems rather than in anything the applicant said.
5

Establishing Identity

Passport, national documents, birth certificate. Where documents were lost or cannot safely be obtained, we address that in the application rather than leaving a gap for the Department to draw conclusions from.
6

Gathering Corroborating Evidence

Police and court documents, arrest warrants, medical reports, photographs, threatening messages, membership records and witness statements. We work through what exists and what can still be obtained safely.
7

Country Information Research

Home Affairs relies on its own country information. We engage with the reputable published sources and put the material that supports your claim in front of the delegate rather than leaving them to their default position.
8

Arguing Both Criteria in the Alternative

The refugee criterion first, complementary protection second on the same facts. A delegate reaches section 36(2)(aa) only if 36(2)(a) fails, so an unpleaded claim is an unconsidered claim.
9

Translation Management

Accredited English translation of every document not in English. Poor translation manufactures inconsistencies that read as credibility problems, so we manage this rather than leaving it to chance.
10

Lodging the Application

Assembling the statement and evidence into a coherent file and making sure the application is complete at lodgement rather than built afterwards. On a protection matter there is rarely a second chance to get it right.
11

Bridging Visa Management

Confirming which bridging visa has been granted, what conditions attach, and whether work rights apply. Where the conditions are not what they should be, we deal with it rather than leaving you to discover the problem later.
12

Interview Preparation

The interview decides most protection matters. We take you through your own statement, the areas the delegate is likely to probe, and how to answer consistently under pressure. Preparation takes more than a few days.
13

Attending the Interview With You

We attend so that you are not answering questions about the worst period of your life alone, and so that any interpreting or procedural problem is raised at the time rather than after the decision.
14

Written Legal Submissions

A submission connecting your evidence to section 36(2)(a) and section 36(2)(aa), addressing the elements of each test and the country information, rather than leaving a delegate to assemble the argument from a folder.
15

Family Members and Reunion

Including a partner and children in the same application at no additional charge, and advising on proposing family members offshore under the humanitarian program once the visa is granted.
16

Review If the Application Is Refused

28 days to apply, or 14 in detention, with no upfront fee. The Tribunal decides the claim afresh and holds its own hearing, so a delegate's credibility finding does not bind it. We assess the merits and lodge within the time limit.

What Working With Us Looks Like

Lawyers, not agents

Your matter is handled by Australian lawyers, and everything you tell us is covered by legal professional privilege.

Nothing is reported

We do not report to the Department, and nothing you tell us reaches your family, your community or your home country.

Fees quoted in writing

You know the professional fee before you engage us. The Department charge of $50 is paid by you directly.

One firm from start to finish

The same team runs the assessment, the statement, the lodgement, the interview and any review. Nothing is handed off midway.
You generally get one protection application. Tell us your situation before it is lodged, not after.
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Questions

Protection Visa Frequently Asked Questions

Answers to the questions Indonesians applicants ask most often. See also our 30 protection visa FAQs and 30 LGBT protection visa FAQs.

What Is an Australian Protection Visa

The subclass 866 is Australia's onshore permanent protection visa. It is for people already in Australia who cannot return home because they face persecution, or a real risk of significant harm. It is permanent from the day it is granted.

Who Can Apply for a Protection Visa

You must be in Australia, have been immigration cleared on arrival, and satisfy either the refugee criterion or the complementary protection criterion. You cannot apply from outside Australia, and you cannot apply if you arrived as an unauthorised maritime arrival.

How Much Does a Protection Visa Cost

The Department application charge is AUD $50, and one charge covers everyone included in the same application. It is one of the lowest charges of any Australian visa. It is not refunded if the application is refused.

What Is the Difference Between Refugee and Complementary Protection

The refugee criterion requires a well founded fear of persecution for a Convention reason. Complementary protection requires a real risk of significant harm, with no Convention reason needed. Both should be argued.

Can I Work While My Protection Visa Is Being Processed

Usually, but it depends on which bridging visa you hold, which depends on what visa you held when you lodged. Work rights are not automatic on every bridging visa. Check the grant notice rather than assuming.

How Long Does a Protection Visa Take

There is no published processing time and the Department does not give one. Identity issues are the largest single cause of delay. Where documents are complete, translated and consistent, matters move considerably faster.

Does Being From a Dangerous Country Mean I Will Get a Visa

No. It is not enough that a country is unsafe, unstable or at war. The legal question is whether you personally face persecution or a real risk of significant harm. A risk faced by the population generally does not meet the test.

Will the Department Contact My Home Government

No. The Department does not tell your home government or your embassy that you have applied, and it does not seek information from the authorities you fear. Country information is drawn from published sources.

Can I Apply if the Danger Started After I Arrived

Yes. Claims arising after arrival are recognised, including where a government changed, a conflict began, you converted to another religion, you became politically active, or your sexual orientation became known.

Can I Include My Family

Yes. A partner and children in Australia can be included as members of the same family unit, with no additional charge. A member of the same family unit as a person who satisfies a protection criterion can be granted a visa of the same class.

What Happens if I Am Refused

You generally have 28 days to apply to the Administrative Review Tribunal, or 7 working days if you are in immigration detention. There is no upfront fee, and a fee of $2,293 is payable only if the review is unsuccessful. See Protection Visa Refusal.

Does a Protection Visa Lead to Citizenship

Yes. The subclass 866 is granted as permanent residence from the first day, with full work and study rights, Medicare and government support. Once the residence requirements are met you can apply for citizenship.

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About the Reviewer

Who Reviewed This Page

Weiwei Zhang is an Australian lawyer practising exclusively in Australian migration law and is the Principal Lawyer at My Migration Lawyers. She reviews the firm's published legal guidance for accuracy.
Weiwei Zhang, Principal Lawyer at My Migration Lawyers

Weiwei Zhang

Managing Director and Principal Lawyer, My Migration Lawyers
Weiwei Zhang, Principal Lawyer at My Migration Lawyers
Weiwei Zhang
Principal Lawyer
Weiwei Zhang is an Australian lawyer practising exclusively in Australian migration law and is the Principal Lawyer at My Migration Lawyers. She reviews the firm's published legal guidance for accuracy.
Last Reviewed
16 September 2026
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